The Responsibility of Biological Fathers Towards Children Born Outside of Marriage: The Dialectic of Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 and the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulama Council
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.68211/nomosethica.v1i2.32Abstract
Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 changed the constitutional interpretation of Article 43 paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, so that children born outside marriage no longer only have a civil relationship with their mother and their mother's family, but also with the man as their biological father as long as it can be proven through science and technology or other legally valid evidence. This decision caused a reaction from the ulama which was then responded to through the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Status of Children Resulting from Adultery and Their Treatment, which limits the implications of the Constitutional Court Decision so that it’s not interpreted as determining the relationship of lineage and mutual inheritance rights between children born outside of marriage and their biological father. This article aims to analyze the dialectic between the two legal products in determining the form and limits of the biological father's responsibility towards children born outside of marriage. This research uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach between positive law and Islamic law. The results of the study indicate that the two norms are not completely contradictory: The Constitutional Court's decision places the biological father's responsibility within the general civil relationship framework, including the obligation of maintenance and support, while the MUI Fatwa maintains the principle of lineage in Islamic law that only flows from a valid marriage, while still imposing moral and material responsibility on the man who caused the child's birth through the instrument of a mandatory will. The meeting point between the two lies in protecting the child's best interests, while the point of tension lies in the status of lineage, marital guardianship, and the right of mutual inheritance.
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